01 - Preheat oven to 400°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, whole wheat flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt until well blended.
03 - Add cold, cubed butter to the flour mixture. Using a pastry cutter or fingertips, work butter into flour until mixture resembles coarse crumbs with some pea-sized pieces remaining.
04 - Stir in raisins or currants and caraway seeds if using until evenly distributed throughout the flour mixture.
05 - In a separate bowl, whisk together cold buttermilk and egg until fully combined.
06 - Pour buttermilk mixture into dry ingredients. Stir gently with a spatula or wooden spoon just until dough comes together. Do not overmix as this will result in tough scones.
07 - Turn dough onto a lightly floured surface. Gently pat into a 1-inch thick circle, handling as little as possible.
08 - Cut circle into 8 equal wedges or use a round cutter for traditional round scones.
09 - Transfer scones to prepared baking sheet, leaving space between each. Brush tops with buttermilk and sprinkle with coarse sugar if desired.
10 - Bake for 16 to 18 minutes until golden brown and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
11 - Cool scones briefly on baking sheet, then transfer to a wire rack. Serve warm or at room temperature with salted butter and jam.